(Kristen Chick, CS Monitor) – On June 30, when millions of Egyptians took to the streets to protest against now ousted President Mohamed Morsi, residents of Al Nazla, Egypt marked Christian homes and shops with red graffiti, vowing to protect Mr. Morsi’s electoral legitimacy with “blood.”

Relations between Christians and Muslims in the village, which had worsened since Morsi’s election in 2012, grew even more tense as Islamists spread rumors that it was Christians who were behind the protests against Morsi and his ouster by the military on July 3.

church_egypt

Finally, on the morning of Aug. 14, the tension erupted. In Cairo, the police attacked two protest camps full of Morsi supporters, using live ammunition and killing hundreds. When the news reached Al Nazla, a local mosque broadcast through its loudspeakers that Christians were attacking the protesters, say residents. Hundreds of villagers marched on the Saint Virgin Mary Church. They broke down the gate and flooded the compound, shouting “Allahu akbar” and “Islam is the solution,” according to Christian neighbors.

“First they stole the valuable things, and then they torched the place,” says Sami Awad, a church member who lives across the narrow dirt alley from the church. “Whatever they couldn’t carry, they burned.”

The Coptic Orthodox church had just opened in April after 13 years of construction, in a country where the government strictly curtails building permits for churches. Now, its elaborate dome stands above a ruined, charred interior. The walls are blackened and rubble litters the floor. A picture of Jesus is half burned, the charred edges curling where they were licked by flames.

“The religion of God is Islam,” reads graffiti sprayed in yellow on a wall of the church. Three burned-out cars, one of them upside down, rest in the courtyard. Next to the gate, sprayed in black, is another phrase: “Victory or martyrdom.”

The Saint Virgin Mary church in Al Nazla is one of 47 churches and monasteries that have been burned, robbed, or attacked since Aug. 14 in a wave of violence against Christians since the brutal police crackdown on the former president’s supporters, according to Ishak Ibrahim of the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights. He adds that dozens of Christian schools, other religious buildings, homes, and shops have also been attacked and burned, and seven Christians killed. Police have done little to stop the attacks.

The victims say the attackers are Morsi supporters angered by the deaths in Cairo, and spurred on by Islamist rhetoric blaming Christians for Morsi’s ouster. The attacks are a realization of the long-held fears of many Christians and have prompted deep worry about widening religious violence in Egypt.

Red marks still visible

Al Nazla – about 60 miles southwest of Cairo near the oasis of Fayoum – is a small village that looks like many other rural Egyptian towns. Narrow and pitted dirt roads winding between brick buildings are clogged by three-wheeled tok-toks, animals, and villagers on foot. The red graffiti marking Christian homes and shops is still visible. “Yes to legitimacy, no to Sisi” reads the message scrawled on one shop, referring to Army chief Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, who ousted Morsi.

The Saint Virgin Mary church’s dome is visible from outside the village, but difficult to see once inside the tangle of alleyways. Inside the church compound, Mr. Awad and other church members described the shock of seeing their neighbors and acquaintances among the angry mob sacking the church.

Relations between Christians and Muslims in the village used to be good, says Awad, who makes his living selling poultry. “We were neighbors and friends. We did business together and talked together. However, when they had to choose between religion [Islam] and us, they chose religion.” He declined to identify those who attacked the church.

Ezzat Labib, who manages the church’s administration, says things started changing after Morsi was elected last year. “Relationships started becoming more cautious,” he says. “By June 30, it started getting much more tense, because of the accusations that June 30 was controlled and ignited by Copts [Egyptian Coptic Christians], even though on the 30th, all people were protesting, Muslims and Christians.”

Islamist figures and websites had accused anti-Morsi protests of being mostly Christian as far back as December. When the mass protests that appeared on June 30 presented an emphatic rejection of Morsi’s year-long presidency, some accused Christians of organizing the protests and making up the bulk of the demonstrators. Such statements only increased when Pope Tawadros II, the patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Church, stood next to Sisi, with other religious and political leaders, when the Army general announced Morsi’s ouster.

At the camp of Morsi supporters near Cairo’s Rabaa El Adawiya square, organized by the Muslim Brotherhood, some speakers on the protest’s stage railed against Christians and their “betrayal” of Egypt. Attacks against Christians spread throughout Egypt, particularly in southern Egypt where the Christian population is large and sectarian violence common. On Aug. 7, sixteen Egyptian rights organizations condemned the Muslim Brotherhood and its allies for using rhetoric that included “clear incitement to violence and religious hatred in order to achieve political gains.” The groups also condemned the government and security forces for failing to protect against sectarian attacks or hold accountable those responsible.

Mosque broadcast

On the morning of the attack in Al Nazla, says Awad, a local mosque broadcast a message around 9 a.m. “Your brothers in Rabaa El Adawiya are being killed by Jews and Christians,” the loudspeakers boomed, according to Awad and other Christian residents. The crowds attacked the police station before attacking the church, say residents, possibly part of the reason the police did nothing to stop the attack that lasted from around 9:30 a.m. until 7 p.m. The attackers even brought trucks to carry away their loot. The police guards that had been posted outside the church walked away when the angry crowds approached, say neighbors. One firetruck that tried to approach the church was repelled by the crowd, and the police never came.

Some Muslim neighbors tried to help put out the fire raging in the church, including Magdy Shaaban. They also successfully protected against attempts to break into or set fire to Christian homes and shops, but near the church, “there were so many attackers, we couldn’t stand against them,” he says.

As the Muslim call to prayer rang out near a monastery that was also looted and torched, Mr. Shaaban says villagers were angered by the Coptic pope’s support for the military and Morsi’s ouster. The attacks occurred when villagers attempting to join the Morsi supporters in Cairo found the roads closed, and turned back to attack the police station and the churches instead, he says. “They went to take revenge on the Christians.” …

Attacks around country

egypt_mapSimilar attacks occurred across the country. In Sohag, a large church was burned and a guard outside a church shot. Attackers stopped a Christian couple, asked for their national identity cards, which list citizens’ religion, and then shot the two, says Mr. Ibrahim. The husband was killed, and the wife injured. In Minya and Assiut, multiple churches and dozens of Christian properties were attacked and burned. In many places, police stations were also attacked. A spokesman for the foreign ministry last week cited attacks on police stations as the reason that police failed to respond and protect churches and Christian institutions from attacks.

Ibrahim said there were indications that the violence was somewhat organized. With the exception of Al Nazla and other Fayoum villages, it took place mostly in cities, he says, and in most cases, police stations were attacked before churches. In the province of Minya, after an incident of religious violence earlier this month, a local Jemaah Islamiya leader delivered a “threat cloaked in a warning” to Ibrahim about the reaction of Islamists if Rabaa [the protest site in Cairo] was dispersed [by the police].

The government has implicitly accused the Muslim Brotherhood of organizing the violence, which the Brotherhood strongly denies. A spokesman for the Brotherhood’s Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) said in a statement last week that the party “stands firmly against any attack – even verbal – against churches.” Brotherhood members and a spokesman have accused the security apparatus of carrying out the church attacks in an attempt to smear Islamists.

The Brotherhood said Facebook pages inciting religious violence under the party’s name were fake. One page that appears to be the authentic Facebook page for the FJP in Helwan, south of Cairo, listed accusations against the church, before concluding: “After all this people ask why they burn churches.” The page noted that “burning houses of worship is a crime,” but added: “For every action, there is a reaction.”

Back in Al Nazla, church members said they held a service today despite the state of the sanctuary, and will continue to do so until they can rebuild the church. “We have to pray no matter what happens,” says Mr. Labib. “Even if they burn it to the ground, we will pray here.”

Reprinted here for educational purposes only. May not be reproduced on other websites without permission from The Christian Science Monitor.

Questions

Welcome back teachers and students!  Please note that the “Daily News Article” generally focuses on national news.  However, in an attempt to give you an overview of events in the Middle East, we are posting several articles this week on the ongoing crises in Egypt (see Monday) and Syria (see Wednesday). (Also, check out “Background” and “Resources” below the questions each day.)

NOTE: Read “Background” and “Resources” below before answering the questions.

1. List the specific attacks against Christians in Egypt mentioned in this article. (see para. 1, 3-7, 15-16, 18)

2. a) Who is responsible for these attacks?
b) What reason is given for the attacks? (see para. 2, 8, 12-13)

3. Why haven’t the police in towns where the attacks are taking place come to the aid of Egyptian Christians?

4. After Saint Virgin Mary Church in Al Nazla was attacked and valuables stolen, Sami Awad and other church members described the shock of seeing their neighbors and acquaintances among the angry mob sacking the church. Relations between Christians and Muslims in the village used to be good, says Awad, who makes his living selling poultry. “We were neighbors and friends. We did business together and talked together. However, when they had to choose between religion [Islam] and us, they chose religion.” He declined to identify those who attacked the church. Do you think Mr. Awaw makes a fair assertion? Explain your answer.

CHALLENGE QUESTION: Can you list any teachings of the Christian church from the bible which run contrary to the idea of revenge and retribution for grievances? [scroll down for answer to this question]

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Scroll down to the bottom of the page for the answers.

Background

egypt_christian_violence

COPTIC ORTHODOX CHURCH OF ALEXANDRIA (EGYPT):

  • Coptic Christians [Copts] in Egypt constitute the largest Christian community in the Middle East, as well as the largest religious minority in the region, accounting for an estimated 10% of Egyptian population.
  • As a religious minority, the Copts are subject to significant discrimination in modern Egypt, and the target of attacks by militant Islamic extremist groups.
  • Religious freedom in Egypt is hampered to varying degrees by discriminatory and restrictive government policies.
  • Copts [and other Christians] have faced increasing marginalization after the 1952 coup d’état led by Gamal Abdel Nasser.
  • Until recently, Christians were required to obtain presidential approval for even minor repairs in churches.
  • Although the law was eased in 2005 by handing down the authority of approval to the governors, Copts continue to face many obstacles and restrictions in building new churches.
  • These restrictions do not apply for building mosques. (from a 2011 wikipedia entry)
  • Coptic Christians [known as ‘Copts’] do not see themselves as a cultural or ethnic minority but Egyptians whose ancestors embraced Christianity in the first century.
  • The Coptic Christian population in Egypt is the largest Christian community in the Middle East.
  • About 95% of Egypt’s Christians are members of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, which was established in the 1st century A.D. by Saint Mark. (from another wikipedia entry)

Attacks against Christians in Egypt:

Since the Egyptian military removed President Mohammed Morsi from power (on July 3, 2013) following an outcry against his rule by many Egyptians, enraged supporters of the former president and the Muslim Brotherhood have been locked in a showdown with the military. Amid the furor, Christians are paying a heavy price, with some members of the Muslim Brotherhood placing exclusive blame on them for the military’s violent crackdown.

Christians comprise only 10% of Egypt’s population and were only part of the many Egyptians who opposed President Morsi:  those who called for his ouster included: students, intellectuals, businesspeople, secularists and others.

On Aug. 14 the Egyptian military attacked Morsi supporters at their protest camp in Cairo and killed hundreds. [The Muslim Brotherhood, the main Islamist group behind Mr. Morsi…called on Egyptians across the country to rise up in protest, and its supporters marched toward the camps to battle the police with rocks and firebombs. …]

Along with blaming Christians, the Muslim Brotherhood has called for retribution. The Brotherhood’s Freedom and Justice Party, for instance, posted a webpage claiming Egypt’s Coptic Church declared “a war against Islam and Muslims.” The page ended with the threat, “For every action there is a reaction.” A July article on the Muslim Brotherhood website carried the headline “The Military Republic of [Coptic Pope] Tawadros” and charged the Coptic Church with seeking to “humiliate” Muslims and eradicate Islam.

Responding to calls for retribution, groups of men marked Christian-owned businesses with black X’s and mobs later attacked those businesses, Human Rights Watch reported. However, recent reports also noted Muslims and Christians standing together to protect churches and mosques, an indication that the attempt to blame Christians for national unrest may be failing. (from bpnews.net; bracketed paragraphs from the NY Times)

Resources

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Answers

SOME POSSIBLE ANSWERS TO #5:
-turn the other cheek
-love your enemies
-do go to those who persecute you
-do unto others; treat others the way you want to be treated
-love your neighbor as yourself

MATTHEW 5: 38-40
Jesus said: “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ But I tell you not to resist an evil person. But whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also. If anyone wants to sue you and take away your tunic, let him have your cloak also.”

LUKE 6: 27-36
Jesus said: “But I say to you who hear: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, and pray for those who spitefully use you. To him who strikes you on the one cheek, offer the other also. And from him who takes away your cloak, do not withhold your tunic either. Give to everyone who asks of you. And from him who takes away your goods do not ask them back. And just as you want men to do to you, you also do to them likewise.
“But if you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them. And if you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. And if you lend to those from whom you hope to receive back, what credit is that to you? For even sinners lend to sinners to receive as much back. But love your enemies, do good, and lend, hoping for nothing in return; and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High. For He is kind to the unthankful and evil. Therefore be merciful, just as your Father also is merciful.”

MATTHEW 22: 36-40
“Jesus said to him, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ This is the first and great commandment.  And the second is like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.”