Even if the first trial has positive results, additional testing would be needed to validate the vaccine’s safety and effectiveness, according to Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Dr. Fauci told a House subcommittee Wednesday he expected it would take at least a year to 18 months to be “fully confident that we would have a vaccine that would be able to protect the American people.” …

Moderna, of Cambridge, Mass., shipped the first batch of the vaccine to be used in human testing last week, a rapid turnaround time after researchers learned the virus’s genetic sequence in January.

The vaccine contains the genetic material RNA, designed to instruct the human body’s cells to make a protein from the coronavirus that doesn’t cause infection but triggers an immune response to the virus. The vaccine isn’t made from the actual virus.

The vaccine study is being sponsored by the NIAID, which helped design the Moderna vaccine.

The Kaiser Permanente Institute has a vaccine treatment and evaluation unit that is one of several such sites in the U.S. conducting infectious-disease research with funding from the NIAID.

Lisa Jackson, a senior investigator at the institute and lead researcher for the study, said dosing could start in the next few weeks. “That we have a vaccine supply to conduct a trial within a two-month period is pretty much unprecedented,” she said in an interview.

For the vaccine trial, the institute is planning to enroll healthy adults ages 18 to 55 who meet certain criteria. To be eligible, they can’t have certain health conditions or be taking medications that affect the immune system.

The study participants will receive two injections of Moderna’s vaccine 28 days apart, according to a summary of the trial posted on the government database clinicaltrials.gov. Researchers expect the subjects to come to 11 in-person visits and have four phone conversations with trial personnel over a 14-month period.

Study subjects will receive $100 for each visit, and people who complete all scheduled visits would get a total of $1,100, according to a website set up by the Kaiser institute to recruit volunteers. …

Several other companies and organizations including Johnson & Johnson and Sanofi are developing vaccines against the new coronavirus, with testing expected to begin in the coming months. Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc. said Tuesday it was accelerating the timeline for its experimental coronavirus vaccine and plans to start a clinical trial in healthy volunteers in April.

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