1. What is the Havana syndrome? (When, where, symptoms)?

2. List the three countries where diplomats, CIA officers and other US personnel were affected by these attacks.

3. What important facts have investigators not yet determined?

4. Which countries’ governments are possibly suspects in the attacks?

5. a) Although there is no consensus by investigators on the cause of the symptoms, what did one State Department study conclude to be the likely cause?
b) What other explanation have investigators still not completely ruled out?

6. For what reasons is it so difficult for officials to determine what is or isn’t an attack?

7. What conclusion did the National Academy of Sciences come to?

8. Check out the links under “Resources” below.  What do you think? Were these symptoms the result of attacks on U.S. personnel? If so, is an antagonistic government behind them? Possible Russia or China? Explain your answer.