Wednesday's Biased Item - March 7, 2007
How Likely?
Excerpt
QUESTION: Read the post below from OpinionJournal.com's Feb. 27 "Best of the Web" by James Taranto.
1. Why is the headline biased?
2. Then scroll down to "Types of Media Bias." Which type of bias best describes the AP headline? (Scroll down to the bottom of the page for the answer.)
From an Associated Press dispatch:
Former U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan warned Monday that the American economy might slip into recession by year's end. . . .
"While, yes, it is possible we can get a recession in the latter months of 2007, most forecasters are not making that judgment and indeed are projecting forward into 2008 . . . with some slowdown," he said.
Greenspan said that while it would be "very precarious" to try to forecast that far into the future, he could not rule out the possibility of a recession late this year.
So if you're the Associated Press, how do you headline this story? "Greenspan Warns of Likely U.S. Recession."
Go to OpinionJournal.com for the original "Best of the Web" postings.
ANSWER:
1. The headline is biased because it gives the reader the false impression that former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan says that a recession is likely, when the truth is that he was answering a question about whether it was possible. His answer was yes, it is possible, but he added that most forecasters don't say so.
2. The headline is an example of bias by spin. Bias by spin occurs when the story has only one interpretation of an event or policy, to the exclusion of the other; spin involves tone – it’s a reporter’s subjective comments about objective facts.
To accurately identify different types of bias, you should be aware of the issues of the day, and the liberal and conservative perspectives on each issue. (See our chart “Conservative vs. Liberal Beliefs”)
Types of Media Bias:
Omission – leaving one side out of an article or a series of articles over a period of time... (read more)
Selection of Sources – including more sources that support one view over another... (read more)
Story Selection – a pattern of highlighting news stories that support one side of an issue over another... (read more)
Placement – the location in the paper or article where a story or event is printed; a pattern of placing news stories so as to downplay information supportive of one side... (read more)
Labeling – comes in two forms: 1. Tagging of person from one party or group with extreme labels while leaving the other side unlabeled or with more mild labels. 2. A reporter not only fails to identify a liberal or conservative as such, but also describes the person or group with positive labels, such as “an expert” or “independent consumer group”... (read more)
Spin – occurs when the story has only one interpretation of an event or policy, to the exclusion of the other. Spin involves tone- a reporter’s subjective comments about objective facts... (read more)
Previous Biased Items
- The NY Times: A Year-Long Analysis: Part 1
August 27, 2008 - Washington Post Ombudsman: ‘3 to 1’ Obama Front Page Advantage
August 20, 2008 - Poll Shows Majority of Americans Believe Reporters Try to Help Their Candidates Win
June 11, 2008 - The Great Media Depression
June 4, 2008 - The AP Maligns Our Soldiers On Memorial Day Weekend
May 28, 2008